Energiatekniikka - Energy Technology

Examples of measurements in Energy Technology. Physical quantities and units. Least squares method (LSM). Temperature and pressure measurements. Flow and velocity measurements. Shaft power measurement and air humidity measurements. Flow visualization. Introduction to uncertainty of measurements.

Characteristics of fuels, especially of biofuels. Combustion and gasification. Types of steam boilers. Design of a steam boiler and its components. Energy balances. Sizing of heat transfer surfaces. Solving steam boiler problems by mathematical modelling and algorithmization. Operation and maintenance of boilers: corrosion, fouling, emissions.

Operational principles of engine power plants, Rankine-processes, Brayton-processes, ORC-processes, refrigerant machines and heat pumps, steam turbines and other energy conversion processes and their typical operational parameters and applications. The course is related to sustainability.

The Bachelor’s thesis is the final thesis of the Bachelor’s degree, with which the students show that they are able to apply their knowledge and skills to solve a research problem related to their field of study. Choosing a topic for the thesis, finding suitable research methods, finding valid references used in scientific research, producing a written Bachelor's thesis.

- Mittaukset laboratorioissa, mittausvälineiden käyttö ja mittausdatan keräys - Mittausdatan käsittely laskentaa varten ja tehtävien edellyttämien tulosten laskenta ja analysointi - Laboratoriotöistä laaditaan teknillinen raportti, joka tehdään LUT:n virallisen raportointiohjeen mukaisesti - Itsenäisesti suoritettavia laboratoriotöiden aiheisiin liittyviä tehtäviä - Ryhmätyöskentelyä laboratorioissa ja raportin kirjoittamisessa Mitattavat suureet: lämpötila, paine, jännite, virta, tehokerroin, vääntömomentti, pyörimisnopeus, sähköteho, virtausnopeus ja säteily.

Introduction to the research areas in energy technology. Introduction to the phases of research. Principles and guidelines for the thesis. Research assistance services provided by the library, principles of information retrieval, information retrieval for own thesis. Principles of oral presentations, preparation for the oral presentation of the Bachelor's thesis, and presenting the thesis in the seminar. Principles of acting as an opponent, preparations and acting as an opponent to another student's Bachelor's thesis in the seminar. Maturity test.

Peruskäsitteet: Ideaalikaasuseokset, kostean ilman prosessit, ilmastointikoneet. Kylmäkoneet ja lämpöpumput. Koneet ja kiertoprosessit: polttomoottori, höyryvoimalaitosprosessi, kaasuturbiiniprosessi.

Painelaitelaki, asetukset ja painelaitedirektiivi, PED. Painelaitteiden käytön vaatimukset. Painelaitteiden suunnittelu, valmistus ja vaatimusten mukaisuuden arviointi. Painelaitteiden tarkastus ja valvonta. Painelaitteen valmistajan, omistajan ja haltijan vastuu.

Lämpövoimalaitosten toiminta ja voimalaitosprosessit. Tekninen suunnittelu: kiertoprosessien laskentamenetelmät ja tuotantokustannusten laskenta. Lauhdutusvoimalaitokset,vastapainevoimalaitokset, lämmitysvoimalaitokset, kaasuturbiinilaitokset, kombilaitokset.

Voimalaitosprosessien ideaaliset vertailuprosessit.Lämpövoimalaitosten toiminta ja voimalaitosprosessit. Kiertoprosessien laskentamenetelmät ja tuotantokustannusten laskenta. Höyryvoimalaitokset (lauhde- ja yhteistuotanto), kaasuturbiinilaitokset, kombilaitokset.

Voimalaitosprosessien ideaaliset vertailuprosessit. Lämpövoimalaitosten toiminta ja voimalaitosprosessit. Kiertoprosessien laskentamenetelmät ja tuotantokustannusten laskenta.  Höyryvoimalaitokset (lauhde- ja yhteistuotanto), kaasuturbiinilaitokset, kombilaitokset.

Influence of turbine size on the design and construction, turbines in different power plants, condensation in turbines, steam turbine aerodynamics, hood/retrofit, and condenser.

Compressor design, turbine design, bearings, rotor dynamics, balancing of rotating machines, gas turbine measurement

Advanced topics of computational fluid dynamics. Methods for modelling of multiphase flows: Volume-of-fluid, mixture model, Eulerian-Eulerian model, Eulerian-Lagrangian model. Real gas models. Modelling of phase change: cavitation, condensation and evaporation. Multi-fluid heat transfer. Modelling of turbomachinery. Meshing. Implementation of functions to a CFD software. Transient multi-domain simulation.

Conservation equations (mass, momentum, energy), basic flow models, introduction to the physics of turbulence and turbulence modelling. Formulation of discretised conservation equations based on the Finite Volume Method. Initial and boundary conditions. Linear solvers. Solution algorithms for steady and unsteady problems. Grid quality and different types of grids. Setting up steady and transient CFD simulations. Solution procedures and techniques for CFD simulations. Visualization techniques and post-processing of results. Verification and validation of CFD results.

Physics of turbulence, Kolmogov scales, cascade process, Navier-Stokes equations, Reynolds averaging, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, turbulent kinetic energy, Reynolds stress, eddy viscosity, algebraic, one equation and two equation models and advanced models (LES, EARMS).

1) Introduction: general overview of fluid mechanics in different fields of engineergin, definition of fluid and Newtonian fluids, shear stress in fluid flow surface tension. 2) Hydrostatics: hydrostatic pressure, standard atmosphere, buoyancy and stability of floating bodies. 3) Integral equations: continuity equation (conservation of mass), momentum equation, angular momentum equation, energy equation and Bernoulli equation. 4) Pipe flow: pressure loss in pipes, pipes in series and parallel, solving pipe flow problems, friction in pipe flow.  5) Flow measurements: overview of flow temperature and pressure measurements, flow velocity measurements, volume/mass flow measurement techniques.

1) Introduction: general overview of fluid mechanics in different fields of engineergin, definition of fluid and Newtonian fluids, shear stress in fluid flow surface tension. 2) Hydrostatics: hydrostatic pressure, standard atmosphere, buoyancy and stability of floating bodies. 3) Integral equations: continuity equation (conservation of mass), momentum equation, angular momentum equation, energy equation and Bernoulli equation. 4) Pipe flow: pressure loss in pipes, pipes in series and parallel, solving pipe flow problems, friction in pipe flow.  5) Flow measurements: overview of flow temperature and pressure measurements, flow velocity measurements, volume/mass flow measurement techniques.

Axial and radial turbomachinery design, design of hydro turbines, design of wind turbines, fluid machinery operating maps, velocity triangles. The course is affiliated on the sustainability of energy systems and based on international scientific research. The course is related to P2X theme.

Examples of measurements in Energy Technology. Physical quantities and units. Least squares method (LSM). Temperature and pressure measurements. Flow and velocity measurements. Shaft power measurement and air humidity measurements. Flow visualization. Introduction to uncertainty of measurements.